Imagine you've implemented CI/CD in your project, and the build breaks often, causing delays. What steps can be taken to minimize the build breakages and ensure seamless integration?
- Adopt a trunk-based development approach
- Increase manual testing efforts
- Limit the frequency of commits
- Prioritize fixing broken builds
Prioritizing fixing broken builds ensures that whenever a build breaks, it becomes the top priority for the team to address. By resolving build issues immediately, it reduces the chances of compounded issues later on. This practice creates a culture of accountability and immediate feedback, ensuring that the CI/CD process remains smooth and that broken builds are addressed promptly.
Which advanced black-box testing technique involves testing the application by understanding its functionality and without knowing its internal structures?
- Equivalence Partitioning
- Exploratory Testing
- Functional Testing
- Gray Box Testing
Gray Box Testing is an advanced testing method where the tester has partial knowledge of an application's internal workings. The tester understands the application's functionality but doesn't delve deep into its internal structures, making it a blend of black and white-box testing.
A(n) _______ is a formal type of review where the reviewers are selected based on their expertise, and the process is well-defined.
- Ad-hoc review
- Inspection
- Pair Programming
- Walkthrough
An inspection is a formal type of review wherein the process is structured and predetermined. The reviewers are chosen for their specific expertise and are required to go through the material thoroughly. It's more formal than other types of reviews like walkthroughs.
In risk assessment, the overall risk score is often calculated by multiplying the risk's likelihood by its _______.
- cost
- duration
- impact
- time
The overall risk score, commonly referred to as the "Risk Exposure," is determined by multiplying a risk's likelihood (or probability) with its impact. This provides a quantitative measure that aids in understanding the potential severity of the risk, allowing for more informed decision-making.
The process where real users try out prototypes of the design to identify usability flaws before the design is finalized is called _______.
- Alpha Testing
- Prototype Testing
- Usability Testing
- User Experience Testing
Usability Testing is a technique used to evaluate a product by testing it on users. In this phase, real users interact with prototypes of the design to uncover potential usability flaws. This helps ensure that the end product is user-friendly and offers a good user experience before finalizing the design.
Which type of testing involves gathering feedback directly from potential users about how they feel when using an application?
- Beta Testing
- Integration Testing
- Regression Testing
- Stress Testing
Beta Testing is a phase where the software is exposed to the real-world potential users before the final release. It's a type of User Acceptance Testing (UAT) where actual users use the software and provide direct feedback. This feedback can be related to functionality, usability, performance, or any other aspect of the software.
Consistency in design, clear error messages, and meaningful feedback are primarily evaluated in _______ testing.
- Functionality Testing
- Performance Testing
- Security Testing
- Usability Testing
Usability Testing not only evaluates the ease of use of a product but also examines its overall user interface, ensuring there's consistency in design, clear error messaging, and providing meaningful feedback. This ensures a seamless, user-friendly experience for the end-user.
While automated tests are excellent for repetitive tasks, _______ testing is often needed for exploratory and usability checks.
- black-box
- load
- manual
- white-box
While automated tests can efficiently handle repetitive tasks, manual testing is indispensable for exploratory testing (where testers actively explore the application to identify issues) and usability checks to ensure a user-friendly experience.
The bug status that signifies that the bug is currently being worked upon to be resolved is termed as _______.
- Assigned
- Closed
- Open
- Verified
The "Assigned" bug status signifies that the bug has been assigned to a developer and is currently being addressed. "Open" means the bug has been recognized but might not be attended to yet. "Closed" denotes that the bug has been resolved. "Verified" signifies that the tester has verified the fix.
How does cyclomatic complexity assist in white-box testing?
- Assesses risk in code logic
- Counts number of defects
- Determines code coverage needs
- Measures code readability
Cyclomatic complexity, introduced by Thomas McCabe, quantifies the complexity of a program by calculating the number of linearly independent paths through the source code. A higher cyclomatic value indicates a complex program with many branches, which may require more extensive testing to ensure each path is evaluated. It aids testers in assessing risks associated with the intricate logic of the code.