An IT administrator is setting up a secure file transfer service for his company. He needs a protocol that provides directory listing, file transfers, and file management capabilities. Which protocol should he consider?
- FTP
- HTTP
- SMTP
- SSH
The protocol that provides directory listing, file transfers, and file management capabilities is FTP (File Transfer Protocol). FTP is commonly used for these purposes, allowing secure and efficient file transfers.
Alice visits a popular news website and sees a pop-up that says "Hacked!". Upon investigation, it's found that the website itself was not compromised but the script from an ad provider was. What kind of attack was most likely leveraged?
- Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
- Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
- Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
- SQL Injection
Alice likely experienced a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack, where malicious code was injected into the ad provider's script, affecting the website's visitors.
A company's IT department receives a report of an email sent to several employees that appears to be from the CEO, asking them to click on a link and enter their credentials. The CEO denies sending such an email. This situation is most likely an example of which type of attack?
- DDoS Attack
- Insider Threat
- Ransomware Attack
- Spear Phishing
This scenario describes a classic spear-phishing attack. Spear-phishing involves sending targeted, deceptive emails to specific individuals, often impersonating someone the recipient trusts, with the intent of stealing sensitive information or spreading malware.
DLP solutions often use _______ to detect sensitive data based on predefined criteria.
- Biometrics
- Encryption
- Firewalls
- Machine Learning
Data Loss Prevention (DLP) solutions often employ Machine Learning algorithms to identify and classify sensitive data. These algorithms learn from historical data and predefined criteria to recognize patterns associated with sensitive information, helping prevent data leaks and breaches.
Which tool is commonly used to scan a computer system for known malware signatures?
- Antivirus
- Browser
- Firewall
- VPN
Antivirus software is commonly used to scan a computer system for known malware signatures. It compares files and activities on the computer to a database of known malware signatures to detect and remove malicious software.
In the context of firewalls, what does the term "stateful inspection" refer to?
- A method for tracking network packets
- A process for encrypting data transmissions
- A technique for blocking network traffic
- A way to filter website content
"Stateful inspection" in firewalls refers to the method of tracking the state of active connections and making decisions based on the context of the traffic, enhancing security by understanding the state of network connections.
The principle that emphasizes using multiple layers of security measures to protect information and systems is called what?
- Defense-in-Depth
- Encryption
- Single Sign-On (SSO)
- Two-Factor Authentication
Defense-in-Depth is a security strategy that advocates implementing multiple layers of security measures. This approach helps to provide redundancy and ensure that even if one layer is breached, other layers can still protect the system. Single Sign-On, Two-Factor Authentication, and Encryption are important security concepts but not the same as Defense-in-Depth.
When an IDS generates an alert for an activity that isn't actually malicious, it's termed as a _______.
- False Negative
- False Positive
- True Negative
- True Positive
When an IDS generates an alert for non-malicious activity, it's called a 'False Positive,' indicating a potential security concern that is, in fact, benign.
When an attacker leaves a malware-infected USB drive in a public place hoping someone will find it and plug it into a computer, this technique is known as?
- Baiting
- Pharming
- Phishing
- Spoofing
This technique is called "baiting." It involves leaving a device (in this case, a malware-infected USB drive) in a location where someone may find it and plug it into a computer out of curiosity. Once connected, the malware can infect the victim's computer.
When performing ethical hacking, what permission level should the hacker ideally have?
- Limited Access
- No Permission
- Root/Administrator Access
- Standard User
Ethical hackers should ideally have Standard User permissions. Giving them full access could lead to unintended consequences, while having no access impedes their work. Standard User access provides a balance of access for testing without causing harm.