Which of the following is a primary goal of operating system hardening?
- Enhancing security by reducing vulnerabilities
- Expanding network connectivity
- Increasing system performance
- Simplifying user interfaces
The primary goal of operating system hardening is to enhance security by reducing vulnerabilities. This involves configuring the OS to minimize potential attack vectors and make it more resistant to security threats and exploits.
A company hired an ethical hacker to assess its security posture. After the assessment, the hacker provided a detailed report showing several vulnerabilities but did not exploit any. Which type of test did the hacker most likely perform?
- Penetration Test
- Red Team Exercise
- Security Audit
- Vulnerability Assessment
The hacker likely performed a Vulnerability Assessment, which identifies vulnerabilities without exploiting them. A Penetration Test would involve exploiting vulnerabilities.
In an incident reporting procedure, a _______ is typically designated to coordinate the response and recovery efforts.
- CEO
- CISO
- CSIRT
- CTO
In an incident reporting procedure, a CSIRT (Computer Security Incident Response Team) is typically designated to coordinate the response and recovery efforts. A CSIRT is a team of experts responsible for the protection against and management of cybersecurity incidents.
Which of the following is a benefit of encrypting an individual file rather than an entire disk?
- Complete security
- Enhanced performance
- Selective protection
- Simplified management
Encrypting an individual file offers the benefit of selective protection. It allows you to choose specific files or folders to encrypt, offering security where it's needed most without affecting the performance or management of the entire disk. This is especially useful when you only need to protect certain sensitive files rather than an entire disk.
Charlie is developing a web application. He ensures that every form input is validated and sanitized before it's processed. Despite this, an attacker is able to inject a script that steals user session cookies. Which vulnerability in the application did the attacker most likely exploit?
- Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
- Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
- Insecure Deserialization
- SQL Injection
The attacker likely exploited a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability, allowing them to inject malicious scripts into the web application despite input validation and sanitization.
The practice of deliberately leaving vulnerabilities open in a system as a trap to detect and monitor intruders is termed as what?
- Ethical Hacking
- Honeypot
- Penetration Testing
- Zero-Day Exploitation
A "Honeypot" is a cybersecurity mechanism that intentionally exposes vulnerabilities to lure and monitor potential intruders and threats.
Jane, an IT manager, receives an email detailing a potential security incident. However, the email does not contain enough specifics to act upon. To improve the quality and consistency of incident reports, Jane might consider implementing what?
- Incident Response Plan
- Regular Software Updates
- Security Awareness Training
- Security Incident Reporting Guidelines
Jane should consider implementing Security Incident Reporting Guidelines. These guidelines provide a structured format for reporting security incidents, including the specific details and information required. They help ensure that incident reports contain enough information for the IT team to act upon effectively.
In the context of CSP, what does the 'nonce' attribute help with?
- Controlling content caching
- Enforcing secure data transmission
- Handling session management
- Preventing Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks
In the context of Content Security Policy (CSP), the 'nonce' attribute is used to prevent Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks. It allows a server to generate a unique cryptographic nonce for each page load. The nonce is included in the CSP header, and the browser only executes scripts with a matching nonce, effectively blocking any unauthorized scripts from running on the page.
A(n) _______ test in penetration testing is where the attacker has no prior knowledge of the target system.
- Black Box
- External
- Gray Box
- White Box
In penetration testing, a "Black Box" test is when the tester has no prior knowledge of the system, simulating an external attacker's approach.
In the context of incident response, a _______ is a collection of data that provides detailed information about an event that has occurred.
- Framework
- Log
- Policy
- Report
The correct answer is "Log." A log contains detailed data about events and incidents, aiding in incident response, forensics, and post-incident analysis.