Abstraction in C++ refers to the concept of hiding the complicated reality of an object while only exposing operations relevant for that object. This allows for simplifying complex systems by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable parts, enabling developers to focus on high-level functionalities.

Each recursive call creates a new set of the function's local variables. This is maintained in what's called the call stack, where each call has its own memory space.

Tail-call optimization (or TCO) is a technique where the compiler replaces a function's tail call (a recursive call that's the last thing the function does) with a jump instruction, essentially converting the recursion into iteration and thereby avoiding new stack frame creation.

In C++, most of the operators can be overloaded with a few exceptions. Among the operators that cannot be overloaded are: the scope resolution operator ::, the member selection operators . and .*, and the ternary conditional operator ?:.

In C++, to declare a function that returns an integer, the correct syntax is "int functionName()". The type "int" signifies that the function's return type is an integer, and the parentheses "()" indicate it's a function declaration. Actual implementation or body of the function would follow the declaration.

In C++11's range-based for loop, the const keyword ensures that elements are not modified, effectively preventing unintentional copies or modifications to the elements.

Template metaprogramming (TMP) shifts computations to the compile-time, making the generated code more optimized. This results in increased compile times because the computations and code generation are happening at that phase. However, at runtime, the program may run faster or at least not have an added overhead from TMP since the computations were already done during compilation.

Passing by pointer often conserves memory because only the address of the variable (usually 4 or 8 bytes, depending on the architecture) is passed, regardless of the size of the actual data. While pass by value creates a copy of the actual data, which can consume more memory, especially for large objects or structs. Pass by reference behaves similarly to pass by pointer in this regard.

A 'Compliance Assessment' primarily aims to ensure that a company is adhering to its established security policies and controls. This assessment checks if the organization follows the security standards it has set for itself.

The Identification phase in incident response involves understanding the incident's scope, size, and origin. This is crucial for formulating an effective response strategy.