The process of repeatedly merging code from different team members into a shared mainline to prevent integration problems is known as _______.
- Code Deployment
- Continuous Integration
- Parallel Development
- Version Control
Continuous Integration (CI) is the practice of merging code frequently into a shared repository to ensure early detection of integration problems and maintain code quality throughout the development process.
In terms of information assurance, what practice ensures that only authorized modifications are made to an organization's assets?
- Change Management
- Data Encryption
- Firewall Configuration
- Intrusion Detection
Change Management is a crucial practice in information assurance that ensures that only authorized modifications are made to an organization's assets, including hardware, software, and data. It involves a structured process of requesting, reviewing, and approving changes to maintain system integrity and security.
What technique do threat actors use to exploit human psychology, rather than technical vulnerabilities, to gain unauthorized access or information?
- Encryption
- Firewall
- Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
- Phishing
'Phishing' is a technique where threat actors use social engineering to manipulate human psychology and trick individuals into revealing sensitive information or granting unauthorized access.
A research institute is working on a complex weather prediction model that requires the simultaneous processing of vast datasets. Which type of computing infrastructure would best suit their needs?
- Grid Computing
- High-Performance Computing (HPC)
- Mainframe Computing
- Quantum Computing
For the processing of vast datasets and complex simulations, 'High-Performance Computing (HPC)' is the ideal choice. It offers exceptional processing power and parallel computing capabilities, making it suitable for tasks like weather prediction models. Mainframes, grid computing, and quantum computing may not provide the necessary performance.
In the context of computer architecture, what does the term "bus" refer to?
- A communication pathway for data
- A high-speed memory
- A system's central processing unit
- A type of storage device
In computer architecture, a "bus" refers to a communication pathway for data, serving as a conduit to transfer data and control signals between different hardware components in a computer system.
_______ is a Cisco proprietary protocol used between switches to maintain a loop-free network.
- ARP
- Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
- Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
- VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
The 'Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)' is a Cisco proprietary protocol used to prevent and eliminate loops in Ethernet networks. It helps ensure network reliability by maintaining a loop-free topology.
Which algorithmic paradigm solves problems by trying out solutions using one or more models and then adapting based on what works and what doesn't?
- Divide and Conquer
- Dynamic Programming
- Genetic Algorithms
- Greedy Algorithms
'Greedy Algorithms' follow a paradigm where they make locally optimal choices at each step, hoping to find a globally optimal solution. They adapt based on immediate success without considering future consequences.
Which memory type is non-volatile and can be electrically erased and reprogrammed?
- Cache
- EEPROM
- RAM
- ROM
'EEPROM' stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. It is a non-volatile memory type that can be erased and reprogrammed electrically. It is commonly used for storing firmware and configuration data.
Which protocol is often used for lightweight communication in IoT devices due to its low power consumption?
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
- MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
MQTT is widely used in IoT because it's designed for low-power, efficient communication. MQTT's publish-subscribe model minimizes overhead and is well-suited for resource-constrained devices.
Which type of penetration testing focuses on testing from an attacker's perspective without prior knowledge of the target infrastructure?
- Black-Box Testing
- Gray-Box Testing
- Vulnerability Scanning
- White-Box Testing
'Black-Box Testing' is a type of penetration testing where testers simulate an attacker with no prior knowledge of the target infrastructure. The goal is to identify vulnerabilities as if they were an external attacker.