In which switching method is the entire frame stored before it is forwarded to its destination?
- Circuit Switching
- Message Switching
- Packet Switching
- Store-and-Forward
Store-and-Forward switching is a method where the entire data frame is received and stored before being forwarded to its destination. This method allows for error checking and can help prevent network congestion.
Which method in NLP helps in reducing the dimensionality of word vectors while retaining most of the important information?
- Dimensionality Reduction
- Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA)
- Neural Networks
- Word Embedding
'Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA)' is a technique in NLP that reduces the dimensionality of word vectors while preserving important semantic information. It's a method used for semantic analysis and text retrieval.
In the context of digital transformation, which term refers to the redesign of business processes, often involving the integration of advanced digital technologies?
- Agile Transformation
- Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
- DevOps (Development and Operations)
- Waterfall Methodology
'Business Process Reengineering (BPR)' refers to the significant redesign of business processes to achieve improvements in efficiency, effectiveness, and often involves integrating advanced digital technologies to streamline and enhance operations.
In the context of information security, what does the acronym "CIA" stand for?
- Central Intelligence Agency
- Computer Information Access
- Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
- Cybersecurity and Information Assurance
In information security, "CIA" stands for 'Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.' These three principles are fundamental to ensuring the security and reliability of data and systems.
A research team is building a chatbot and needs it to understand and respond to user queries contextually over a conversation. Which NLP mechanism allows the model to remember and utilize previous interactions in a conversation?
- Bag of Words (BoW)
- Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)
- Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)
- Transformer Models
Transformer models, such as the GPT-3 and BERT, are capable of understanding context in conversations and remembering previous interactions. They use attention mechanisms to capture context and respond contextually.
A software development team finds that they spend a significant amount of time fixing bugs in the week following each release. Which software engineering practice could help them identify and address issues earlier in the development process?
- DevOps
- Pair Programming
- Scrum
- Test-Driven Development (TDD)
Test-Driven Development (TDD) involves writing tests before writing code. By writing tests first, developers can identify and address issues early in the development process, ensuring that code is more reliable and bug-free before it's integrated into the codebase.
What is the primary purpose of an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) in application development?
- Displaying graphics
- Managing user accounts
- Mapping objects to databases
- Playing audio
The primary purpose of an ORM is to map objects in your application to the tables and records in a relational database. It simplifies database interactions and allows you to work with data in an object-oriented manner.
A company wants to analyze customer reviews to improve product features. Which NLP technique would be most appropriate to extract specific product features mentioned in the reviews?
- Document Classification
- Named Entity Recognition (NER)
- Sentiment Analysis
- Tokenization
Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a technique in Natural Language Processing (NLP) that identifies and extracts specific entities such as product names, locations, and more. It's ideal for extracting product features from text data.
In the context of intrusion detection, what does "false positive" refer to?
- Inactive System
- Legitimate Activity
- Successful Intrusion
- System Patched
A 'false positive' in intrusion detection occurs when the system incorrectly identifies legitimate activity as a security threat or intrusion attempt. It can lead to unnecessary alerts.
In cryptography, the process of disguising plaintext to hide its content is called _______.
- Compression
- Decryption
- Encryption
- Steganography
The blank should be filled with "Steganography." Steganography is the practice of concealing data within other data, making it appear as if the hidden information doesn't exist, enhancing security and confidentiality.