A ________ test is a common non-parametric statistical method.
- ANOVA
- Mann-Whitney U
- Regression
- T
The Mann-Whitney U test is a common non-parametric statistical method used to compare two independent groups when the dependent variable is either ordinal or continuous, but not normally distributed.
A ________ result in the Chi-square test for goodness of fit indicates that the observed distribution does not significantly differ from the expected distribution.
- negative
- non-significant
- significant
- skewed
A non-significant result in the Chi-square test for goodness of fit indicates that the observed distribution does not significantly differ from the expected distribution. In other words, we do not have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
What is the purpose of a Chi-square test for goodness of fit?
- To compare the means of two groups
- To compare the variance of two groups
- To determine the correlation between two variables
- To test if a data set follows a given theoretical distribution
The Chi-square test for goodness of fit is used to test whether the observed data fits a specific distribution. It compares the observed data with the values that would be expected under the theoretical distribution.
What does the slope of the regression line represent in simple linear regression?
- It represents the change in the dependent variable for a one-unit change in the independent variable
- It represents the error term
- It represents the independent variable
- It represents the strength of the correlation
The slope of the regression line in simple linear regression represents the change in the dependent variable for a one-unit change in the independent variable. It quantifies the strength and direction of the linear relationship between the two variables.
What types of scales of measurement are suitable for non-parametric tests?
- Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio
- Only interval and ratio
- Only nominal and ordinal
- Only ratio
Non-parametric tests can be used with nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales of measurement. This is one of the reasons why non-parametric tests are sometimes chosen over parametric ones, as they can handle data that are not interval or ratio (which are required for many parametric tests).
In a multiple linear regression model, the assumption that the variance of the residuals is the same for all levels of the predictors is known as __________.
- Autocorrelation
- Homoscedasticity
- Linearity
- Multicollinearity
Homoscedasticity refers to the assumption in regression analysis that the variance of the residuals (or "errors") is constant across all levels of the independent variables.
Simple linear regression is a method used to predict a ________ variable using a ________ variable.
- continuous, discrete
- dependent, independent
- discrete, continuous
- independent, dependent
Simple linear regression is a statistical method that allows us to summarize and study relationships between two continuous (quantitative) variables: One variable, denoted x, is regarded as the predictor, explanatory, or independent variable. The other variable, denoted y, is regarded as the response, outcome, or dependent variable.
Can the probability of an event be a negative number?
- It depends on the event
- No
- Only if the event is impossible
- Yes
The probability of an event cannot be a negative number. By definition, the probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1, inclusive.
What is the key characteristic of a symmetric distribution?
- It has a mean of zero
- It has a mode at the peak
- It has no outliers
- It has the same shape on the left and right when split vertically at the center
The key characteristic of a symmetric distribution is that it has the same shape on the left and right when split vertically at the center (i.e., about the mean). This means that the frequencies of corresponding values on either side of the center are equal.
The measure of how much individual sample means will vary is called the __________ error.
- Absolute
- Margin of
- Sampling
- Standard
The standard error of a statistic is a measure of the statistical accuracy of an estimate, equal to the standard deviation of the theoretical distribution of a large population of such estimates. It is used to test hypotheses on the grounds of a set of data. For sample means, the standard error tells us how the mean varies from one sample to another.