A hybrid topology combines elements of both star and bus topologies for improved performance. It offers the advantages of both topologies.

SNMPv3 (Simple Network Management Protocol version 3) provides message integrity, authentication, and encryption for secure management of network devices.

In a mixed-vendor environment, LACP is preferred as it is a standards-based protocol, ensuring compatibility with devices from different vendors.

In VLSM, smaller subnets can be created by borrowing more bits from the host portion of the address.

An IPv6 address uses a total of 128 bits, providing a significantly larger address space than IPv4.

The process by which STP recalculates the best path when the network topology changes is known as Topology Change Notification. STP adapts to changes in the network to maintain a loop-free topology.

The process of dividing an IP network into subnetworks is known as subnetting. Subnetting allows for better organization and management of IP addresses within a network.

EtherChannel uses multiple ports to increase the link bandwidth between two network devices.

The primary benefit of implementing network automation is operational efficiency, allowing for streamlined and automated network management processes.

Violation Mode is a method used in conjunction with Port Security to specify a predefined action when a security violation occurs.