In SQL, the keyword used for aggregating data in a SELECT statement is SUM. It is used to calculate the sum of values in a particular column, providing a way to aggregate data and obtain meaningful insights from the dataset.

The Authorization model is designed to prevent unauthorized users from accessing or modifying data in a database. It involves defining and managing user privileges and permissions to ensure that only authorized users can perform specific actions on the database.

Data Marts typically have larger data volumes compared to the broader-scoped Data Warehouses. However, Data Marts have narrower specificity, focusing on a subset of data relevant to a specific business unit or department. This allows for more targeted and efficient analysis.

The process of decomposing a relation into smaller relations that meet normalization requirements is known as decomposition. It involves breaking down a table into smaller, more manageable tables to achieve higher normal forms and improve data integrity.

Version control systems, such as Git, are crucial in managing changes during both Forward and Reverse Engineering to ensure consistency. They track modifications, provide a history of changes, and enable collaboration among team members, ensuring a reliable and traceable development process.

A check constraint in a database schema is used to validate data against a specified condition. It ensures that values in a column meet specific criteria, providing a way to control and maintain data integrity.

Document-based modeling is commonly associated with NoSQL databases. Unlike traditional relational databases, NoSQL databases, especially document stores, allow for the storage and retrieval of unstructured or semi-structured data, making them well-suited for document-based modeling.

In a Star Schema, the fact table is surrounded by Dimension tables. Dimension tables contain descriptive attributes and provide context to the measurements stored in the fact table. This design enhances query performance by simplifying joins and optimizing data retrieval for analytical queries.

An Inheritance relationship allows a single entity to inherit properties from multiple superclasses. It is a key concept in object-oriented data modeling, enabling the creation of a more flexible and reusable data model.

The SELECT statement in SQL is used to retrieve data from a database. It allows you to specify the columns you want to retrieve and the conditions for selecting specific rows. This statement is fundamental for querying and extracting information from a database.