When implementing file locking, the _______ and _______ modes are used to specify the type of access allowed to files.
- Open, Close
- Read, Write
- Sequential, Indexed
- Shared, Exclusive
In COBOL, file locking mechanisms utilize two modes: Shared and Exclusive. Shared mode allows multiple users to read the file simultaneously, while Exclusive mode grants exclusive access to a single user for both reading and writing operations. These modes help control access and prevent conflicts among concurrent users.
In a large-scale COBOL application, you have to manage multiple alternate indexes for an indexed file. What considerations should be taken into account to optimize performance and minimize conflicts?
- Option 1: Use a single alternate index for simplicity
- Option 2: Opt for as many alternate indexes as needed without restrictions
- Option 3: Limit the number of alternate indexes and carefully choose key fields
- Option 4: Choose any fields for alternate indexes to enhance flexibility
Limiting the number of alternate indexes and choosing key fields judiciously is crucial. Each alternate index adds overhead, so selecting only necessary indexes and optimizing key fields ensures better performance and reduces potential conflicts in large-scale applications.
What considerations should be taken into account when using the CONTINUE statement for error handling?
- It can be used to retry the operation that caused the error
- It is reserved for informational messages
- It is used to terminate the program
- It should be avoided for error handling
The CONTINUE statement can be used for error handling by allowing the program to retry the operation that caused the error. Care should be taken to avoid infinite loops and ensure that the error is appropriately handled.
What is the purpose of exception handling in COBOL file processing?
- To ignore errors and continue file processing
- To manage and respond to unexpected situations or errors that may occur during file operations
- To speed up file processing operations
- To terminate the program in case of any file-related issues
Exception handling in COBOL file processing allows programs to gracefully respond to unexpected situations or errors, ensuring a more robust and reliable file processing mechanism. It involves capturing and responding to errors to prevent program termination.
The MOVE statement in COBOL is primarily used for _____ data between variables.
- Assigning
- Copying
- Initializing
- Transferring
The MOVE statement in COBOL is used for copying data from one variable to another. It doesn't imply any arithmetic or transformation; it simply duplicates the content of one variable into another.
In COBOL, the "DATA DIVISION" is responsible for defining data _____.
- Both A and C
- Elements
- Hierarchy
- Structures
The "DATA DIVISION" in COBOL is responsible for defining data structures and elements. It allows for the specification of hierarchical structures and individual data elements within the program.
In COBOL, the ________ clause can be used with the OPEN verb to specify the file access mode.
- ACCESS MODE
- FILE MODE
- MODE
- OPEN MODE
The ACCESS MODE clause in COBOL is used with the OPEN verb to specify the file access mode. It determines how the program interacts with the file during input and output operations, such as INPUT, OUTPUT, or I-O (input-output).
When an error is handled using the "CONTINUE" statement, the program _____ executing the next statement after the error.
- Halts
- Restarts
- Resumes
- Skips
When an error is handled using the "CONTINUE" statement in COBOL, the program resumes executing the next statement after the error. The "CONTINUE" statement allows the program to proceed without being terminated by the error.
What is a COBOL group data item?
- A data item defined at the group level in COBOL
- A data item that groups multiple values together
- A data item that only contains elementary items
- A data item with a picture clause
A COBOL group data item is defined at the group level and serves as a container for other data items. It can include both elementary and other group data items, providing a way to structure and organize related data in a program.
In COBOL, what is the LEVEL number used for in the data description entry (FD)?
- To assign a priority level to the data item
- To define the number of occurrences in an OCCURS clause
- To indicate the level of nesting in nested programs
- To specify the hierarchy of a record
The LEVEL number in COBOL's FD (File Description) entry is used to specify the hierarchy or level of a record. It indicates the position of a data item in the hierarchy of the record structure.