What are some common collision resolution techniques used in hash tables?
- Binary search, Hashing, Graph traversal, Divide and conquer
- Breadth-first search, Depth-first search, Dijkstra's algorithm, Bellman-Ford algorithm
- Bubble sort, Merge sort, Quick sort, Radix sort
- Linear probing, Quadratic probing, Separate chaining, Double hashing
Common collision resolution techniques include linear probing, quadratic probing, separate chaining, and double hashing. These methods address the issue of two keys hashing to the same index in the hash table.
The longest common substring problem aims to find the _______ string that appears in two or more given strings.
- Common
- Longest
- Shortest
- Unique
The longest common substring problem aims to find the common string that appears in two or more given strings. It involves identifying the substring that is present in all given strings and has the maximum length.
Topological sorting is essential in optimizing _______ schedules, ensuring that tasks are executed in the correct order.
- Algorithm
- Dependency
- Execution
- Job
Topological sorting is essential in optimizing job schedules, ensuring that tasks are executed in the correct order based on dependencies. It is commonly used in project management and task scheduling.
Compared to arrays, linked lists have _______ access time but _______ memory overhead.
- Constant, Constant
- Constant, Linear
- Linear, Constant
- Linear, Linear
Compared to arrays, linked lists have constant access time but linear memory overhead. Linked lists provide constant time for insertion and deletion at any position, but they require additional memory for storing the next pointer in each node.
An optimization technique for Edit Distance involves using _______ to prune unnecessary calculations.
- Binary Search
- Divide and Conquer
- Dynamic Programming
- Greedy Algorithms
An optimization technique for Edit Distance involves using dynamic programming to prune unnecessary calculations. Dynamic programming stores the results of subproblems, eliminating redundant computations and significantly improving efficiency.
Discuss the applications of stacks in real-world scenarios.
- Backtracking, function call management, undo mechanisms, and expression evaluation.
- Compression algorithms, encryption techniques, random number generation, and artificial intelligence.
- File management, database operations, arithmetic calculations, and network protocols.
- Sorting algorithms, graph traversal, memory allocation, and searching algorithms.
Stacks have various applications in real-world scenarios such as backtracking, function call management, undo mechanisms, and expression evaluation. For example, in function call management, stacks are used to store return addresses and local variables of functions. Similarly, in backtracking algorithms, stacks are employed to keep track of the path explored so far.
Can BFS be applied to graphs with cycles? If so, how does it handle them?
- BFS automatically detects cycles and removes them during the traversal.
- BFS can handle graphs with cycles by marking visited nodes and skipping them in subsequent iterations.
- BFS cannot be applied to graphs with cycles as it will result in an infinite loop.
- BFS skips cycles during the initial exploration and revisits them later in the process.
BFS can be applied to graphs with cycles by marking visited nodes. During traversal, when a visited node is encountered, it is skipped to avoid infinite loops. This approach ensures BFS can handle cyclic graphs.
Imagine you are working on a project where the graph representing connections between cities is sparse. Discuss which algorithm, Prim's or Kruskal's, would be more suitable for finding the minimum spanning tree in this scenario.
- Breadth-First Search
- Depth-First Search
- Kruskal's
- Prim's
Kruskal's algorithm is more suitable for finding the minimum spanning tree in a sparse graph representing connections between cities. Kruskal's algorithm excels in sparse graphs due to its edge-based approach, making it efficient for scenarios where the graph has relatively fewer connections.
Suppose you are building a system to store user credentials for authentication. Discuss the security considerations when using a hash table to store passwords.
- Encrypt passwords using a reversible encryption algorithm.
- Hash passwords using a strong cryptographic hash function with added salt.
- Store passwords directly without hashing for faster authentication.
- Use a simple hash function to save computational resources.
Security considerations for storing passwords in a hash table include using a strong cryptographic hash function with added salt. This approach enhances password security by making it computationally expensive for attackers to perform precomputed attacks.
Consider a scenario where you need to sort a linked list. Discuss the suitability of Insertion Sort for this task compared to other sorting algorithms.
- Better suited for linked lists
- Depends on the size of the linked list
- Equally suitable for linked lists
- Not suitable for linked lists
Insertion Sort is better suited for linked lists compared to other sorting algorithms. Unlike array-based algorithms, Insertion Sort works well on linked lists as it can efficiently insert elements in their correct positions without the need for extra space. Other algorithms like Quick Sort or Merge Sort may face challenges with linked lists due to their structure.