What is the primary benefit of using class templates in C++?
- Faster execution
- Reduced memory usage
- Code optimization
- Genericity
Class templates in C++ provide the ability to create classes that can work with a variety of data types without the need to redefine the class for each type, offering a level of genericity and flexibility in code design.
The concept of Streams in C++ was introduced in the standard with _______.
- C++03
- C++11
- C++14
- C++98
Streams, which are part of the C++ Standard Library, were formalized in the C++98 standard. They provide a mechanism to perform input and output operations.
What happens if an exception is thrown but not caught in a C++ program?
- The program continues normally.
- The program crashes.
- The exception is ignored.
- The exception is retried.
When an exception is thrown but not caught in a C++ program, it leads to the termination of the program. This is because unhandled exceptions indicate unforeseen errors, and the program cannot predict how to safely continue in such cases.
An application performs arithmetic operations on various data types without modifying existing code. Which concept facilitates this?
- Template Functions
- Overloading
- Observer Pattern
- Factory Pattern
Template functions in C++ allow functions to operate on generic types. This means a single function template can work on different data types without any code modification. For arithmetic operations, using template functions ensures that the same function can work on integers, floats, complex numbers, etc.
In a graphics rendering engine, you need to store RGB color values. Which data type would be most appropriate for each color channel to balance memory usage and color depth?
- float
- int
- unsigned char
- long
Each RGB color channel requires values from 0 to 255. An unsigned char can store values in this range using just 8 bits, making it efficient in memory usage. Using larger data types like int or float would be wasteful in terms of memory without providing additional benefits for this use case.
A specific version of a function template created for a particular data type is referred to as a template _______.
- instantiation
- function
- specification
- meta-function
When a function template is used with a specific data type, the compiler creates a version of that function for the given type. This specific version is known as a template instantiation.
In a real-time gaming application written in C++, which smart pointer would you choose to manage instances of game objects, assuming the objects need to be shared across multiple game scenes?
- auto_ptr
- weak_ptr
- shared_ptr
- unique_ptr
shared_ptr allows multiple pointers to share ownership of the same object. This ensures that the object remains alive as long as there's at least one shared_ptr pointing to it, which is ideal for shared resources in games.
In C++ STL, which algorithm is most suitable for rearranging elements in a range, so they are in reversed order?
- sort()
- reverse()
- swap()
- rotate()
The reverse() algorithm in C++ STL is explicitly designed to reverse the elements in a specified range. While other algorithms like sort(), swap(), and rotate() have different primary purposes, only reverse() guarantees the desired effect for this use-case.
You are developing a simulation that runs in discrete time steps...
- Parallelize the simulation across multiple CPU cores.
- Decrease the resolution of the simulation.
- Use lazy evaluation for less critical calculations.
- Increase the time step size.
Parallelizing the simulation allows it to leverage the power of multi-core processors, thereby executing multiple parts of the simulation concurrently. This can lead to a substantial decrease in total simulation time, especially when there are many independent parts in the simulation.
What does the "++" symbolize in the C++ programming language?
- Double precision
- Enhancement to C
- Increment
- Two plus operations
The "++" in C++ symbolizes an "enhancement to C." Bjarne Stroustrup, when developing the language, considered C++ as an extension or improvement of the C language, hence the name C with an increment "++".