Which HTTP header is essential for mitigating CSRF attacks?
- Anti-CSRF
- CSRF-Token
- X-CSRF-Token
- X-Frame-Options
CSRF attacks can be mitigated by using a unique token associated with the user session. This token is typically sent in a custom HTTP header, such as X-CSRF-Token. It helps verify the legitimacy of the request and prevents attackers from forging requests on behalf of the user.
In terms of security, why is relying solely on client-side validation not advisable?
- It can be easily bypassed by malicious users
- It conflicts with browser settings
- It requires additional server resources
- It slows down form submission
Relying solely on client-side validation is not advisable for security reasons because it can be easily bypassed by malicious users. Client-side validation is performed on the user's browser, and a knowledgeable attacker can manipulate or disable it. Server-side validation is essential to ensure that data integrity and security are maintained.
In CodeIgniter, what is the significance of the 'environment' setting in relation to error handling?
- It controls whether errors are displayed or logged.
- It defines the layout and styling of the error pages.
- It determines the PHP version compatibility for errors.
- It sets the timezone for error timestamps.
The 'environment' setting in CodeIgniter controls how errors are handled: displayed or logged. It's crucial for managing errors during development and production.
Describe the role of 'hooks' in custom error handling within CodeIgniter.
- Hooks allow developers to attach custom functions to the CodeIgniter core process at specific points, including error handling.
- Hooks are primarily used for routing purposes and not related to error handling.
- Hooks are used to bypass custom error handling and directly handle errors in the core system.
- Hooks provide a way to disable error handling for specific controllers.
In custom error handling within CodeIgniter, hooks play a crucial role by enabling developers to attach custom functions to the core process at specific points, including error handling. This allows for tailored error-handling mechanisms based on specific needs.
How does CodeIgniter handle security vulnerabilities found in third-party libraries?
- Ignores vulnerabilities and relies on the user to address them
- Implements a monitoring system to detect and report security issues
- Provides a secure coding environment to prevent vulnerabilities from occurring
- Regularly updates third-party libraries to the latest versions to fix vulnerabilities
CodeIgniter handles security vulnerabilities in third-party libraries by regularly updating them to the latest versions. This proactive approach helps fix known vulnerabilities and ensures the security of the application.
In a scenario where database queries are not executing as expected, a useful CodeIgniter tool for debugging is ______.
- Database Profiler
- Form Validation Library
- Migration Tool
- Query Builder
The Database Profiler in CodeIgniter is a valuable tool for debugging database queries. It helps developers analyze and optimize database interactions during development.
The technique of ________ is essential in the Email Class to avoid being flagged as spam.
- CAPTCHA Verification
- DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail)
- Email Encryption
- SPF (Sender Policy Framework)
The technique of DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) is essential in the Email Class to add a digital signature to outgoing emails. This signature helps verify the authenticity of the sender, reducing the chances of emails being flagged as spam by recipient servers.
Payment gateways typically use ________ to encrypt sensitive information like credit card numbers.
- HMAC
- JWT
- OAuth
- SSL/TLS
Payment gateways utilize SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security) protocols to encrypt sensitive data such as credit card numbers during transmission. This encryption ensures that the information remains secure and protected from unauthorized access during online transactions.
A user's request to delete an item from the cart goes through a series of steps in the MVC architecture. Identify the correct order: ________.
- 1 (Model), 2 (Controller), 3 (View)
- 2 (Controller), 1 (Model), 3 (View)
- 2 (Controller), 3 (View), 1 (Model)
- 3 (View), 2 (Controller), 1 (Model)
The correct order is: Model processes the delete request (1), Controller handles the request and updates the data (2), and View reflects the updated cart to the user (3).
How does CodeIgniter's 'show_error()' function differ from 'show_404()'?
- 'show_404()' is used for handling routing errors.
- 'show_error()' is for handling database errors.
- It displays a general error message with a 404 status code.
- It specifically shows a 404 page not found error.
'show_error()' is for general errors, while 'show_404()' is specifically for 404 errors. It helps in customizing error pages based on the error type.