Which software design principle suggests that a function should perform one and only one job?
- Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
- Open/Closed Principle (OCP)
- Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
- Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
The Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) states that a function or module should have one and only one reason to change, which means it should perform one specific job or responsibility. This helps in making the code more maintainable and understandable.
The _______ model of software evolution focuses on making the software adaptable without altering its core functions.
- Waterfall
- Spiral
- Evolutionary
- Agile
The Evolutionary model of software evolution focuses on making the software adaptable without altering its core functions. This approach often involves iterative development and incremental updates to enhance the software's functionality while maintaining its core features. It is a popular choice for software systems that need to evolve over time to meet changing requirements.
The Agile model emphasizes _____ development and testing, which allows for continuous revision and adaptation throughout the project.
- Incremental
- Linear
- Sequential
- Waterfall
The Agile model emphasizes incremental development and testing, which allows for continuous revision and adaptation throughout the project. Agile projects break down work into small increments, and each increment is developed, tested, and revised, promoting flexibility and adaptability.
In what ways can violating the Liskov Substitution Principle lead to issues in a polymorphic system?
- It simplifies code
- It enhances code reusability
- It improves system performance
- It may break the system
Violating the Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) in a polymorphic system can lead to unexpected behavior and system issues. LSP states that subtypes must be substitutable for their base types without altering the desirable properties of the program. Violations can result in runtime errors or unexpected behavior, undermining the correctness and stability of the system.
During software maintenance, which task involves making modifications to improve performance?
- Corrective maintenance
- Adaptive maintenance
- Perfective maintenance
- Preventive maintenance
Perfective maintenance involves making modifications to improve performance, enhance usability, or add new features to the software. It focuses on enhancing the software's functionality and user experience.
What is the primary objective of software maintenance?
- Correcting defects
- Enhancing performance
- Adding new features
- Writing code from scratch
The primary objective of software maintenance is to correct defects in the software. This includes identifying and fixing bugs, errors, and issues that may have arisen after the software's initial release.
Discuss the trade-offs between normalization and denormalization in database design, particularly in the context of read-heavy applications.
- Normalization is always better
- Denormalization is always better
- Both have no impact on read-heavy applications
- The trade-offs depend on specific requirements
Normalization and denormalization are design strategies in database systems. In read-heavy applications, normalization reduces redundancy but may slow down queries due to multiple joins. Denormalization can improve read performance but may increase redundancy and maintenance complexity. The choice depends on the specific application requirements.
What is a crucial consideration while performing integration testing in a system with multiple interconnected modules?
- Ignoring the order of integration
- Testing each module in isolation
- Ensuring proper data flow between modules
- Avoiding interaction testing
In a system with multiple interconnected modules, a crucial consideration during integration testing is ensuring proper data flow between the modules. This involves validating that data is passed correctly and processed as expected when modules interact.
Why is regression testing crucial when implementing a new feature within an existing system?
- It speeds up the development process
- It helps reduce the cost of development
- It ensures that new features do not break existing functionality
- It is a formality without much impact
Regression testing is crucial when implementing a new feature within an existing system because it helps ensure that the introduction of new features does not lead to the breaking of existing functionality. This is essential for maintaining the software's stability and quality.
_____ testing, a type of white box testing, ensures that every path in the code is executed at least once.
- Unit
- Integration
- System
- Path
"Path" testing, a type of white box testing, ensures that every path in the code is executed at least once. It aims to cover all possible execution paths through the code to find potential issues.