Indirect recursion forms a cycle where function A calls function B (or a series of functions), and eventually, one of those functions calls back to function A. This loop of function calls forms the cycle characteristic of indirect recursion.

When parameters are passed by value in C++, a copy of the original value is provided to the function. This means the function operates on this copy, and the original data remains unchanged outside the function scope.

In C++, when a base class wants to prevent its method from being overridden in the derived classes, it declares that method as final. This ensures that the method retains its original functionality without any modifications.

The break statement is used to exit a loop prematurely. In the context of the game, when the character reaches an exit point of the maze, the loop processing the current level's moves can be exited using the break statement, effectively moving to the next level.

The template keyword is used to define templates in C++. Templates allow functions and classes to operate with generic types, enabling more flexible and reusable code structures.

By declaring the copy constructor (and the assignment operator) as private, you ensure that they cannot be invoked from outside the class, effectively preventing the creation of a copy of an object of the class. This is a common technique for the Singleton pattern.

In the 'try' block, we place the code that might throw an exception. Any exception that occurs inside the 'try' block can be caught by the subsequent 'catch' block, allowing for appropriate error handling.

In C++, if a function with a return type other than void does not have a return statement, but throws an exception that exits the function, it's acceptable and will not result in a compilation error.

The "private" access specifier in C++ restricts access to class members, ensuring they can't be accessed or modified outside the class, thereby maintaining encapsulation and data integrity within the class.

Overloading refers to defining multiple functions with the same name but different signatures (usually different number or type of parameters). Overriding, on the other hand, is related to inheritance and polymorphism where a derived class provides a specific implementation for a method that is already provided by its base class. In overriding, the method in the derived class should have the same name, return type, and parameters as the method in the base class. The key difference is thus related to polymorphism and inheritance for overriding versus method signature differences for overloading.