Imagine you are developing a system where you need to represent a fixed set of constant integral values that represent different states, and you want to restrict the variables to only allow these states. Which C++ feature would be most appropriate to use?
- Class
- Enum
- Union
- Template
Enums, short for enumerations, allow the definition of a type that can hold a set of integral constants. They provide a way to assign names to the integral constants which makes the code more readable and maintainable.
To insert an element into a C++ list at a specified position, you should use the _______ function.
- push
- emplace
- put
- insert
The insert function in C++ STL is used to insert elements at a specific position in a list. emplace is also used for insertion, but it constructs the object in-place, while insert just places a copy or a move of the object.
The _______ keyword is used to include standard libraries in a C++ program.
- import
- include
- namespace
- return
In C++, the "include" keyword is used to include header files, which contain the declarations for the standard libraries. It's vital for utilizing predefined functions and classes, thus facilitating easier and more efficient coding.
Which keyword is often advised against using due to its potential to make code less readable and maintainable?
- class
- public
- goto
- private
The goto keyword allows for arbitrary jumps in code, which can make the code's flow hard to follow, leading to decreased readability and maintainability. Although it's available in C++, its use is generally discouraged in modern programming practices.
What is the behavior of a continue statement inside a while loop?
- It skips to the next iteration of the loop immediately.
- It breaks out of the loop.
- It restarts the loop from the very beginning.
- It throws an exception.
The continue statement inside loops, including a while loop, causes the program to skip any code following it in the current iteration and jump to the next iteration. It doesn't break out of the loop but just moves to the evaluation of the loop's condition for the next iteration.
You are developing a high-frequency trading system where performance is critical. Which data type should be chosen to store price data to ensure both performance and precision?
- int
- double
- char
- long double
In high-frequency trading, price data often requires floating-point precision due to fractional values. The double datatype strikes a balance between precision and performance. While long double offers more precision, it can be slower and is overkill for most financial data.
You are working on a large-scale application with multiple developers. One of your responsibilities is to design a library of functions to perform common tasks. What considerations might guide your decisions on when to use inline functions and default arguments?
- Only use default arguments to ensure backward compatibility.
- Use inline functions for all small computations irrespective of frequency.
- Use inline functions selectively based on performance metrics.
- Apply default arguments to simplify function calls.
When designing a library for a large-scale application, inline functions should be used selectively, especially when performance metrics indicate a clear benefit. Meanwhile, default arguments can simplify function calls but should be used judiciously to maintain clarity.
Which loop is NOT compatible with the break statement in C++?
- for loop
- do-while loop
- while loop
- None, all loops support break
All loops in C++ (for, while, and do-while) support the break statement. The break statement is a control flow statement that can be used to exit a loop prematurely when a specific condition is met, irrespective of the loop's primary condition.
Which year was the C++ programming language introduced?
- 1970
- 1980
- 1983
- 1995
C++ was introduced in 1983 by Bjarne Stroustrup as an enhancement to the C language.
The syntax to declare a pure virtual function is to follow the function declaration with _______.
- '= 0'
- 'virtual'
- 'override'
- '= 1'
In C++, a pure virtual function is declared by assigning 0 in its declaration. The syntax is virtual function_name() = 0;. It indicates that the function doesn't have a body in this class and must be implemented in any non-abstract derived class.