The core abstraction for data processing in Apache Flink is the DataStream, which represents a stream of data elements and supports operations for transformations and aggregations over continuous data streams.

Minimizing network latency is a key factor in achieving high performance in a distributed system. Network latency refers to the delay or time it takes for data to travel between nodes in a network. By reducing network latency, distributed systems can improve responsiveness and overall performance, especially in scenarios where data needs to be exchanged frequently between distributed components. Techniques such as data caching, load balancing, and optimizing network protocols contribute to reducing network latency.

HBase is the component of the Hadoop ecosystem that provides real-time, random read/write access to data stored in HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System). It is a NoSQL database that runs on top of HDFS.

Synchronous communication requires the sender and receiver to be active simultaneously, with the sender waiting for a response before proceeding, whereas asynchronous communication allows the sender to continue operation without waiting for an immediate response. Asynchronous communication offers benefits such as decoupling of components, better scalability, and fault tolerance, albeit with potential complexities in handling out-of-order messages and ensuring eventual consistency.

Implementing retry mechanisms in data processing systems is significant for ensuring fault tolerance. Retry mechanisms automatically retry failed tasks, helping systems recover from transient failures without human intervention. This enhances system resilience and reliability, reducing the impact of temporary disruptions on data processing workflows and ensuring consistent data delivery and processing.

In an ERD, a one-to-one relationship indicates that each instance of one entity can be associated with only one instance of another entity, and vice versa. It's represented by a straight line between the entities.

GDPR stands for General Data Protection Regulation, a comprehensive European Union (EU) legislation designed to protect the privacy and personal data of EU citizens and residents. It imposes strict requirements on organizations handling personal data, including consent mechanisms, data breach notification, data subject rights, and hefty fines for non-compliance, aiming to harmonize data protection laws across the EU and empower individuals with greater control over their personal information.

Web Scraping is a data extraction technique used to extract data from semi-structured or unstructured sources like emails, documents, or social media platforms, enabling analysis and processing of the data.

In a data governance framework, the process of defining policies, procedures, and standards for data management falls under the domain of Data Governance. Data governance encompasses the establishment of overarching principles and guidelines for managing data effectively across the organization. It involves defining rules and best practices to ensure data is managed, accessed, and used appropriately to support organizational objectives while maintaining compliance and mitigating risks.

The choice between data modeling tools such as ERWin and Visio depends on factors like cost, complexity, specific requirements of the project, and the availability of features required for the task.