SQL, or Structured Query Language, is primarily used for querying and manipulating data in databases. It allows users to retrieve, insert, update, and delete data from databases, making it a fundamental tool for database management.

Dynamic programming is a method for solving complex problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems. It's commonly used in scenarios where the problem can be divided into overlapping subproblems, such as optimization, mathematical problems, and combinatorial optimization. By storing the results of these subproblems, dynamic programming avoids redundant computations, making it efficient for problems like the knapsack problem, shortest path problems, and the Fibonacci sequence calculation.

Collaboration involves the joint effort of individuals or groups to accomplish shared objectives. It emphasizes the importance of sharing knowledge, skills, and resources among team members to achieve common goals effectively. Collaboration fosters teamwork, enhances problem-solving capabilities, and promotes synergy within the team, leading to improved productivity and outcomes.

Option 1: Assessing the impact of the requested features on the project timeline and budget before making a decision ensures that project integrity is maintained. By conducting a thorough analysis, the project team can determine whether accommodating the additional features is feasible within the existing constraints. This approach allows for informed decision-making and mitigates the risk of scope creep or budget overruns. It also demonstrates a commitment to meeting stakeholder needs while safeguarding the project's success.

Maintaining a professional tone in formal writing is essential to convey seriousness, respect, and professionalism to the audience. It helps in establishing credibility and ensuring that the message is delivered effectively.

Mediation involves a neutral third party facilitating communication between conflicting parties to help them find a mutually agreeable solution. It allows for exploration of creative solutions while preserving relationships.

Verbal communication includes not only spoken words but also nonverbal cues such as body language, facial expressions, and gestures. These nonverbal forms of expression play a crucial role in conveying emotions, attitudes, and intentions, complementing the spoken words and enhancing the overall communication process. Understanding both verbal and nonverbal aspects is essential for effective communication.

Critical thinking in this scenario involves questioning and examining the proposed solution to identify any potential flaws or limitations. By asking probing questions and encouraging open discussion, one can collaboratively assess the solution's viability and explore alternative approaches if necessary.

PostgreSQL is known for its robust support for handling large datasets with high scalability and performance, making it suitable for enterprise-level applications.

Resource smoothing involves adjusting project schedules to handle fluctuations in resource availability or changes in project requirements effectively.