1	Introduction
1.1	Dynamic data types
1.2	Functional programming
1.3	Object-orientated programming
1.4	C-like syntax
1.5	Relation to Java
1.6	JS engines
1.7	References
2	First program
2.1	Exercises
3	Placing the code
3.1	Internal vs. external JavaScript
3.1.1	Separate Files for Javascript Code
3.1.2	Remote Code Injection vs. Local Library
3.1.3	Minified vs. Non-Minified Code
3.2	External JavaScript
3.2.1	The src attribute
3.2.2	The type attribute
3.2.3	The async and defer attributes
3.3	Location of  elements
3.4	The  element
3.5	JavaScript in XHTML files
3.6	Reference
4	Other Script Types
4.1	References
5	Lexical structure
5.1	Summary
5.2	Case Sensitivity
5.3	Whitespaces
5.4	Comments
5.5	Semicolons
5.6	Literals
5.7	Identifiers
5.8	Exercises
5.9	Notes
5.10	References
6	Automatic semicolon insertion
6.1	See also
7	Reserved words
7.1	References
8	Variables and types
8.1	Purpose
8.2	Declaration and initialization
8.2.1	Keyword let
8.2.2	Keyword const
8.2.3	Keyword var
8.2.4	Omitting the declaration
8.3	Data types
8.4	Scope
8.4.1	Block scope
8.4.2	Function scope
8.4.3	Module scope
8.4.4	Global scope
8.5	Exercises
8.6	See also
8.7	References
9	Numbers
9.1	String
9.2	Properties and methods for strings
9.2.1	length
9.2.2	concat(text)
9.2.3	indexOf(searchText)
9.2.4	lastIndexOf(searchText)
9.2.5	replace(text, newtext)
9.2.6	slice(start [, end])
9.2.7	substr(start [, number of characters])
9.2.8	substring(start [, end])
9.2.9	toLowerCase()
9.2.10	toUpperCase()
9.3	Number
9.4	Properties and methods for numbers
9.4.1	Properties
9.4.2	Math.ceil(number)
9.4.3	Math.floor(number)
9.4.4	Math.round(number)
9.4.5	Math.max(number_1, number_2)
9.4.6	Math.min(number_1, number_2)
9.4.7	Math.random()
9.4.8	Number.parseInt(string)
9.4.9	Number.parseFloat(string)
9.5	BigInt
9.6	Boolean
9.7	Undefined
9.8	Null
9.9	Symbol
9.10	See also
9.11	Exercises
9.12	References
10	Strings
10.1	String
10.2	Properties and methods for strings
10.2.1	length
10.2.2	concat(text)
10.2.3	indexOf(searchText)
10.2.4	lastIndexOf(searchText)
10.2.5	replace(text, newtext)
10.2.6	slice(start [, end])
10.2.7	substr(start [, number of characters])
10.2.8	substring(start [, end])
10.2.9	toLowerCase()
10.2.10	toUpperCase()
10.3	Number
10.4	Properties and methods for numbers
10.4.1	Properties
10.4.2	Math.ceil(number)
10.4.3	Math.floor(number)
10.4.4	Math.round(number)
10.4.5	Math.max(number_1, number_2)
10.4.6	Math.min(number_1, number_2)
10.4.7	Math.random()
10.4.8	Number.parseInt(string)
10.4.9	Number.parseFloat(string)
10.5	BigInt
10.6	Boolean
10.7	Undefined
10.8	Null
10.9	Symbol
10.10	See also
10.11	Exercises
10.12	References
11	Dates
11.1	Constructor
11.2	Methods
11.3	'As Integer'
11.4	Timezones
11.5	New API: Temporal
11.6	Exercises
12	Arrays
12.1	Create an array
12.2	Access an array element
12.3	Varying data types
12.4	Nested arrays
12.5	Properties and methods
12.5.1	length
12.5.2	concat
12.5.3	join and split
12.5.4	push
12.5.5	pop
12.5.6	unshift
12.5.7	shift
12.6	Exercises
12.7	See also
13	Regular expressions
13.1	Overview
13.2	Compatibility
13.3	Examples
13.4	Modifiers
13.5	Operators
13.6	Function call
13.7	See also
13.8	External links
14	Operators
14.1	String concatenation
14.2	Arithmetic operators
14.3	Bitwise operators
14.4	Assignment operators
14.5	Increment operators
14.5.1	Pre and post-increment operators
14.6	Comparison operators
14.7	Logical operators
14.8	Other operators
14.8.1	? :
14.8.2	delete
14.8.3	new
14.8.4	instanceof
14.8.5	typeof
14.9	Exercises
14.10	See also
15	Control structures
15.1	if / else
15.2	switch
15.3	try / catch / finally
15.4	throw
15.5	Exercises
15.6	Loops
15.7	See also
16	Loops
16.1	for (;;) {}
16.1.1	Optional syntax parts
16.1.2	Nesting
16.2	continue / break
16.3	do {} while ()
16.4	while () {}
16.5	for (x in Object) {}
16.6	for (x of Array) {}
16.7	for..in vs. for..of
16.8	Object.entries() method
16.9	Array.forEach() method
16.10	Exercises
16.11	See also
17	Functions
17.1	Declaration
17.2	Invocation
17.2.1	Hoisting
17.3	Immediately Invoked Function
17.4	Arguments
17.4.1	Call-by-value
17.4.2	Default values
17.4.3	Variable number of arguments
17.4.3.1	Individual checks
17.4.3.2	The 'rest' parameter
17.4.3.3	The 'arguments' keyword
17.5	Return
17.6	Arrow functions (=>)
17.7	Recursive Invokations
17.8	Exercises
17.9	See also
18	Anonymous functions
18.1	Declaration
18.2	Invocation
18.2.1	Hoisting
18.3	Immediately Invoked Function
18.4	Arguments
18.4.1	Call-by-value
18.4.2	Default values
18.4.3	Variable number of arguments
18.4.3.1	Individual checks
18.4.3.2	The 'rest' parameter
18.4.3.3	The 'arguments' keyword
18.5	Return
18.6	Arrow functions (=>)
18.7	Recursive Invokations
18.8	Exercises
18.9	See also
19	Object-based programming
19.1	Class-based OOP
19.2	Prototype-based OOP
19.3	OOP in JavaScript "Two jackets for one body"
19.3.1	The classical syntax
19.3.2	The 'class' syntax
19.4	See also
20	Objects
20.1	Create an object
20.2	Read a property
20.3	Add or modify a property
20.4	Delete a property
20.5	Merge objects
20.6	Functions/methods as part of an object
20.7	Exercises
21	Constructors and prototypes
21.1	Constructor
21.2	Prototypes
21.3	Dynamically extending objects
21.4	References
22	Inheritance
22.1	instanceof operator
22.2	Inheritance by prototypes
22.3	Inheritance by functions
22.4	References
23	Access control
23.1	Access Control
24	Closures
24.1	Lexical environment
24.2	Closure
24.3	Exercises
24.4	See also
25	Debugging
25.1	JavaScript Debuggers
25.1.1	Firebug
25.1.2	Venkman JavaScript Debugger
25.1.3	Internet Explorer debugging
25.1.4	Safari debugging
25.1.5	JTF: JavaScript Unit Testing Farm
25.1.6	jsUnit
25.1.7	built-in debugging tools
25.2	Common Mistakes
25.3	Debugging Methods
25.3.1	Following Variables as a Script is Running
25.4	Browser Bugs
25.5	browser-dependent code
25.6	Further reading
25.7	References
26	Optimization
26.1	JavaScript optimization
26.1.1	Optimization Techniques
26.2	Common Mistakes and Misconceptions
26.2.1	String concatenation
27	Strict Mode
27.1	The strict mode
27.2	External links
28	Shell
28.1	Standalone
28.2	From browser
28.3	External links
29	Introduction to the Document Object Model (DOM)
29.1	Nodes
29.2	Accessing nodes
29.3	Accessing content
29.4	Changing content
29.5	Modifying the tree structure
29.6	See also
30	Runtime document manipulation
30.1	Nodes
30.2	Accessing nodes
30.3	Accessing content
30.4	Changing content
30.5	Modifying the tree structure
30.6	See also
31	Finding elements
31.1	Using ID
31.2	Using tag name
31.3	Using class name
31.4	Using a query selector
31.5	Navigating the DOM tree
31.6	See also
31.7	Exercises
32	Adding elements
32.1	Creating elements
32.2	Creating attributes
32.2.1	Alternative syntax
32.3	Join the puzzles pieces
32.4	'Misusing' innerHTML
32.5	write()
32.6	See also
32.7	Exercises
33	Changing elements
33.1	Example page
33.2	Change the content
33.3	Change an attribute
33.3.1	setAttribute()
33.4	See also
33.5	Exercises
34	Removing elements
34.1	Remove elements
34.1.1	Children of children
34.1.2	parentNode
34.2	Remove attributes
34.3	See also
35	Changing element styles
35.1	An example
35.2	Properties of 'style'
35.3	Exercises
35.4	See also
36	Event handling
36.1	Create and invoke events
36.1.1	Embedded in HTML
36.1.2	Programmatically in JavaScript
36.2	Event types
36.3	Event properties
36.4	removeEventListener
36.5	Synthetic events
36.6	(A)synchronous behaviour
36.7	Exercises
36.8	See also
37	W3C event handlers
38	Working with the mouse
38.1	JavaScript Console Tests
38.2	Test x,y
38.3	Test offsetX,offsetY
38.4	Test clientX,clientY
38.5	Test pageX,pageY
38.6	References
38.7	Further reading
39	Forms
39.1	Further reading
39.2	References
40	Images
40.1	Introduction
40.1.1	Image Tag
40.1.2	Canvas Tag
40.2	Workflow
40.3	Assignment
40.3.1	Adding an Image to HTML Page
40.3.2	Assigning the Image Variable
40.3.3	Error Handling for Image Assignment
40.4	Processing
40.4.1	Images and Canvas Tags
40.4.2	Javascript Function to merge Images
40.4.3	Button to Execute Image Merge
40.5	Load/Save
41	Cookies
41.1	Intoduction
42	LocalStorage
42.1	Introduction
42.2	Activities
43	Bookmarklets
43.1	JavaScript URI scheme
43.2	Example uses
43.2.1	Media controls
43.3	Using multiple lines of code
43.4	The JavaScript Protocol in Links
43.5	Examples
44	XMLHttpRequest
44.1	Example
44.2	Object reference
44.2.1	Methods
44.2.2	Properties
44.3	Bugs and inconsistencies
44.3.1	Caching
44.3.1.1	Workaround
44.3.2	Reusing XMLHttpRequest Object in IE
44.4	Links
44.5	Further reading
45	Handling HTML
45.1	Using the browser's HTML parser
46	Handling JSON
46.1	Native JSON
46.1.1	Modern JSON Handling
46.1.2	Old way
46.2	JSONP
46.3	More information
47	Handling XML
47.1	Simple function to open an XML file
47.2	Usage
48	Working with files
48.1	References
49	JScript in Microsoft WSH
50	Index
50.1	A
50.2	B
50.3	C
50.4	D
50.5	E
50.6	F
50.7	H
50.8	I
50.9	L
50.10	M
50.11	N
50.12	O
50.13	R
50.14	S
50.15	T
50.16	U
50.17	V
51	Links
52	Bookmarklets
52.1	JavaScript URI scheme
52.2	Example uses
52.2.1	Media controls
52.3	Using multiple lines of code
52.4	The JavaScript Protocol in Links
52.5	Examples
53	Useful software tools
53.1	Editors / IDEs
53.2	Engines and other tools
54	History of JavaScript
54.1	Versions of JavaScript
54.2	ECMAScript
55	Best practices
55.1	document.write
55.2	JavaScript protocol
55.3	Email validation
55.3.1	Examples valid according to RFC2822
55.3.2	Examples invalid according to RFC2822s
55.3.3	Test page
55.4	use strict
55.5	For further reading
55.5.1	Best practices in other languages
55.6	References
56	Code structuring
57	Generators
57.1	Examples
57.2	Parameters
57.3	References
58	Contributors