Editors’ Foreword
	References
Acknowledgements
Contents
Abbreviations
1 Introduction
	1.1 A Brief History of 3D Reconstruction
	1.2 Examples of 3D Reconstruction Projects
	References
2 Basics and Definitions
	2.1 Architectural History
	2.2 Reconstruction
	2.3 Sources
	2.4 Models and Modeling
	2.5 The Architectural Model
	2.6 Computer-Based 3D Modeling
		2.6.1 3D as Reference to Space
		2.6.2 Digital Versus Virtual
		2.6.3 Reconstruction Versus Digitalization
	2.7 Simulation
	References
3 Scholarly Method
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Purposes of 3D Modeling
		3.2.1 Research
		3.2.2 Education
		3.2.3 Knowledge Organization
	3.3 Epistemic Challenges of 3D Modeling in Humanities
	3.4 Visual Research Processes and 3D Modeling
	3.5 Scientific Values
	3.6 Guidelines and Standards for 3D Reconstruction
	References
4 Scholarly Community
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Disciplines Which Benefit from the Method
		4.2.1 Visual Approaches in the Humanities
		4.2.2 Visual Digital Humanities
	4.3 Scholars and Topic Areas
	4.4 Scholarly Culture
	References
5 Workflows
	5.1 The Process of 3D Reconstruction
	5.2 Interdisciplinarity
	5.3 Modeling the Project Process
	5.4 3D Reconstructions as Interdisciplinary Projects
	5.5 3D Reconstruction Project Management
		5.5.1 Definition of Project Work
		5.5.2 Project Organization
		5.5.3 Goals
		5.5.4 Planning and Control
		5.5.5 Quality
		5.5.6 Quality Management
	5.6 Phenomena and Strategies for Cooperation
	References
6 3D Modeling
	6.1 The Raw Model and the Informative Model
	6.2 Semantic Description of the 3D Model
	6.3 Traditional and Digital Representation Methods
	6.4 3D Modeling Techniques
		6.4.1 Procedural and Algorithmic Modeling
		6.4.2 Parametric Modeling
		6.4.3 Automatic Reality-Based Modeling
		6.4.4 Direct Handmade Modeling
		6.4.5 Hybrid Modeling
	6.5 Configuration Space
	6.6 Best Practices
	References
7 Visualization
	7.1 From Digits to Visuals
	7.2 Digital 2D-3D Visualization
	7.3 Aspects of Digital 3D Visualization
	7.4 Formal/Geometrical Aspects
	7.5 Shading Aspects
		7.5.1 Photorealistic Shading
	7.6 Abstract Shading
	7.7 Representation Aspects and Methods
	7.8 Media and Interfaces
		7.8.1 Images and Films
		7.8.2 Extended Reality
		7.8.3 Rapid Prototyping
		7.8.4 Interaction and Motivational Design
	References
8 Documentation
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Why Documentation is Important
		8.2.1 Scientific Significance
		8.2.2 Preliminary Work
		8.2.3 Current Developments
	8.3 What Are We Dealing With
		8.3.1 Model Types, Methods, and Data Formats
		8.3.2 Intellectual Argumentation
	8.4 What Needs to be Documented
		8.4.1 Documentation of the 3D Models: Metadata
		8.4.2 Documentation of the Decision-Making Processes: Paradata
	8.5 How to Document
	References
9 Infrastructure
	9.1 Digital Research Tools and Services
	9.2 Virtual Research Environments
	9.3 3D Information Systems
	9.4 Design Challenges in 3D Information Systems
	9.5 Linked and Authority Data
	References
10 Legislation
	10.1 Intellectual Property
	10.2 Legal Aspects
	10.3 Licenses: Open, Closed, or Public?
	References