This book describes typical issues that are taught and covered in first year class of fluid mechanics with various example applications with many visual illustrations. The focus of the book is on effective learning and current state of the art.
The presentation is built from ground up to facilitate familiarity with many concepts used in real life. The concepts are described in easy and plain terms avoiding the jargon as much as possible. The real word examples are provided engaging the readers with the material.
There are several unique parts of the book. This is the only book containing many innovative ideas, for example describing Nusselt methods (Dimensional analysis). It contains extensive description of integral methods, Reynolds Transport Theorem, Differential governing Equations.
Many consider this book chapter on fluid statics as the best and most extensive possible. Or consider the chapter on added properties (added mass) the best and simplest explanation on the topic.
Conditions of Use
This book is licensed under a Creative Commons License (CC BY). You can download the ebook Basics of Fluid Mechanics for free.
- Title
- Basics of Fluid Mechanics
- Publisher
- Zenodo
- Author(s)
- Genick Bar-Meir
- Published
- 2023-07-25
- Edition
- 1
- Format
- eBook (pdf, epub, mobi)
- Pages
- 887
- Language
- English
- ISBN-13
- 9781616100940
- License
- CC BY
- Book Homepage
- Free eBook, Errata, Code, Solutions, etc.
Please Update Abstract Why Abstract Short Abstract Long Abstract Prologue For This Book Version 0.7.0 June 21, pages (893 pages, size 15M) Version 0.6.9 May 31, pages (873 pages, size 15M) Version 0.6.7 July 5, pages 831 size 13.3M Version 0.6.2 April 13, pages 795 size 12.0M Version 0.6.0 March 22, pages 773 size 11.8M Version 0.5.5 March 17, pages 767 size 12M Version 0.5.2 July 11, pages 743 size 11M Version 0.4 April 6, pages 749 size 11M Version 0.3.2.0 March 18, pages 617 size 4.8M Version 0.3.0.5 March 1, pages 400 size 3.5M Version 0.1.8 August 6, pages 189 size 2.6M Version 0.1 April 22, pages 151 size 1.3M How to contribute to this book Credits Steven from artofproblemsolving.com Dan H. Olson Richard Hackbarth John Herbolenes Eliezer Bar-Meir Henry Schoumertate Dmitry Kolomenskiy Xu Mengfan Your name here Typo corrections and other "minor" contributions Change Log Nomenclature GNU Free Documentation License APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 2. VERBATIM COPYING 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY 4. MODIFICATIONS 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 8. TRANSLATION 9. TERMINATION 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents How This Book Was Written 2023 Version 2022 Version 2021 Version Initial Properties Turbulence Inviscid Flow Machinery Internal Viscous Flow Open Channel Flow Introduction to Fluid Mechanics What is Fluid Mechanics? Brief History Kinds of Fluids Shear Stress Viscosity General Discussion Non–Newtonian Fluids Kinematic Viscosity Estimation of The Viscosity Fluid Properties Fluid Density Bulk Modulus Surface Tension Wetting of Surfaces Review of Thermodynamics Introductory Remarks Basic Definitions Thermodynamics First Law Thermodynamics Second Law Review of Mechanics Introductory Remarks Kinematics of of Point Body Forces and Moments Center of Mass Actual Center of Mass Approximate Center of Area Change of Centroid Location Due to Added/Subtracted Area Change of Mass Centroid Due to Addition or Subtraction of Mass in 3D Centroid of Segment Moment of Inertia Moment of Inertia for Mass Moment of Inertia for Area Examples of Moment of Inertia Product of Inertia Principal Axes of Inertia Newton's Laws of Motion Angular Momentum and Torque Tables of geometries Multiple Choice Questions Multiple Solution Fluids Statics Introduction The Hydrostatic Equation Pressure and Density in a Gravitational Field Constant Density in Gravitational Field Pressure Measurement Varying Density in a Gravity Field The Pressure Effects Due To Temperature Variations Gravity Variations Effects on Pressure and Density Liquid Phase Fluid in a Accelerated System Fluid in a Linearly Accelerated System Angular Acceleration Systems: Constant Density Fluid Statics in Geological System Fluid Forces on Surfaces Fluid Forces on Straight Surfaces Forces on Curved Surfaces Buoyancy and Stability Stability Application of GM-.4 Surface Tension Rayleigh–Taylor Instability Qualitative questions I Integral Analysis Mass Conservation Introduction Control Volume Continuity Equation Non Deformable Control Volume Constant Density Fluids Reynolds Transport Theorem Examples For Mass Conservation The Details Picture – Velocity Area Relationship More Examples for Mass Conservation Momentum Conservation Momentum Governing Equation Introduction to Continuous External Forces Momentum Governing Equation Momentum Equation in Acceleration System Momentum Equation For Steady State and Uniform Flow Momentum Equation Application Momentum for Unsteady State and Uniform Flow Momentum Application to Unsteady State Machinery Unitizing Momentum Conservation Moment Of Momentum More Examples on Momentum Conservation Qualitative Questions Energy Conservation The First Law of Thermodynamics Limitation of Integral Approach Approximation of Energy Equation Energy Equation in Steady State Energy Equation in Frictionless Flow and Steady State Energy Equation in Accelerated System Energy in Linear Acceleration Coordinate Linear Accelerated System Energy Equation in Rotating Coordinate System Simplified Energy Equation in Accelerated Coordinate Energy Losses in Incompressible Flow Examples of Integral Energy Conservation Qualitative Questions II Differential Analysis Differential Analysis Introduction Mass Conservation Mass Conservation Examples Simplified Continuity Equation Conservation of General Quantity Generalization of Mathematical Approach for Derivations Examples of Several Quantities Momentum Conservation Derivations of the Momentum Equation Boundary Conditions and Driving Forces Boundary Conditions Categories Examples for Differential Equation (Navier-Stokes) Interfacial Instability Extra Questions Dimensional Analysis Introductory Remarks Brief History Theory Behind Dimensional Analysis Dimensional Parameters Application for Experimental Study The Pendulum Class Problem Buckingham—-Theorem Construction of the Dimensionless Parameters Basic Units Blocks Implementation of Construction of Dimensionless Parameters Similarity and Similitude Nusselt's Technique Summary of Dimensionless Numbers The Significance of these Dimensionless Numbers Relationship Between Dimensionless Numbers Examples for Dimensional Analysis Abuse of Dimensional Analysis Summary Appendix summary of Dimensionless Form of Navier–Stokes Equations Supplemental Problems External Flow Introduction Boundary Layer Theory Non–Circular Shape Effect Examples Internal Flow Introduction Colebrook-White equation for Friction Factor, f Entry Problem Non–Circular Shape Effect Losses in Conduits Connections and Other Devices Minor Loss Flow Meters (Flow Measurements) Nozzle Flow Meter Flow Network Series Conduits Systems Parallel Pipe Line Systems Additional Questions Potential Flow Introduction Inviscid Momentum Equations Potential Flow Function Streamline and Stream function Compressible Flow Stream Function The Connection Between the Stream Function and the Potential Function Potential Flow Functions Inventory Flow Around a Circular Cylinder Complex Potential Complex Potential and Complex Velocity Blasius's Integral Laws Forces and Moment Acting on Circular Cylinder. Conformal Transformation or Mapping Unsteady State Bernoulli in Accelerated Coordinates Qualitative questions Additional Example Added Mass and Transfer Properties Introduction History What is the Added Mass? The Added Mass Matrix of a Body Added Moment of Inertia Coefficients Calculations of the Added Mass Transfer Mechanisms and Transfer Properties History of Transfer Properties Introduction Transfer Linear Motion to Rotating Motion The Parallel Axes Theorem for Added Mass Experimental Observation Added Mass and Transfer Properties Added Moment of Inertia Introduction III Compressible Flow Compressible Flow One Dimensional What is Compressible Flow? Why Compressible Flow is Important? Speed of Sound Introduction Speed of Sound in Ideal and Perfect Gases Speed of Sound in Almost Incompressible Liquid Speed of Sound in Solids The Dimensional Effect of the Speed of Sound Isentropic Flow Stagnation State for Ideal Gas Model Isentropic Converging–Diverging Flow in Cross Section The Properties in the Adiabatic Nozzle Isentropic Flow Examples Mass Flow Rate (Number) Isentropic Tables The Impulse Function Normal Shock Solution of the Governing Equations Prandtl's Condition Operating Equations and Analysis The Moving Shocks Shock or Wave Drag Result from a Moving Shock Qualitative questions Tables of Normal Shocks, k=1.4 Ideal Gas Isothermal Flow The Control Volume Analysis/Governing equations Dimensionless Representation The Entrance Limitation of Supersonic Branch Supersonic Branch Figures and Tables Isothermal Flow Examples Fanno Flow Introduction Non–Dimensionalization of the Equations The Mechanics and Why the Flow is Choked? The Working Equations Examples of Fanno Flow Working Conditions The Pressure Ratio, .P2 / P1, effects Practical Examples for Subsonic Flow Subsonic Fanno Flow for Given 4fLD and Pressure Ratio Subsonic Fanno Flow for a Given M1 and Pressure Ratio More Examples of Fanno Flow The Table for Fanno Flow Rayleigh Flow Introduction Governing Equations Rayleigh Flow Tables and Figures Examples For Rayleigh Flow Compressible Flow 2–Dimensional Introduction Preface to Oblique Shock Oblique Shock Solution of Mach Angle When No Oblique Shock Exist or the case of D>0 Application of Oblique Shock Prandtl-Meyer Function Introduction Geometrical Explanation Alternative Approach to Governing Equations Comparison And Limitations Between the Two Approaches The Maximum Turning Angle The Working Equations for the Prandtl–Meyer Function d'Alembert's Paradox Flat Body with an Angle of Attack Examples For Prandtl–Meyer Function Combination of the Oblique Shock and Isentropic Expansion IV Special Topics Multi–Phase Flow Introduction History What to Expect From This Chapter Classification of Multi-Phase Flow Classification of Liquid-Liquid Flow Regimes Co–Current Flow Emptying and Filling Pipes Multi–Phase Flow Variables Definitions Multi–Phase Averaged Variables Definitions Homogeneous Models Pressure Loss Components Lockhart Martinelli Model Solid–Liquid Flow Solid Particles with Heavier Density S>L Solid With Lighter Density S< and With Gravity Counter–Current Flow Horizontal Counter–Current Flow Flooding and Reversal Flow Multi–Phase Conclusion Open Channel Flow What is Open Channel Flow? Introduction Open Channel ``Intuition' Energy Line Energy conservation Some Design Considerations Expansion and Contraction Summery Hydraulic Jump Poor Man Dimensional Analysis Velocity Profile Cross Section Area Introduction Energy For Non–Rectangular Cross–Section Triangle Channel General Points that Needed to be Mentioned Qualitative Questions Additional Examples Mathematics For Fluid Mechanics Vectors Vector Algebra Differential Operators of Vectors Differentiation of the Vector Operations Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) First Order Differential Equations Variables Separation or Segregation Non–Linear Equations Second Order Differential Equations Non–Linear Second Order Equations Third Order Differential Equation Forth and Higher Order ODE A general Form of the Homogeneous Equation Partial Differential Equations First-order equations Trigonometry Index Bibliography
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